Shoolagiri Farm

Project size: 5 acres

Shoolagiri, Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India

January 2021 to October 2022

Key features: Forest garden, ponds, basins, open wells, living fence, wetland, community food forest, earthworks

Project team: Sanjana Radhakrishnan (Project lead); Jananee Mohan, Kiri Meili

Elevation: 790 metres above sea level

Annual rainfall: 749mm / 29.5 inches

Climate: Tropical savanna

Bioregion: South Deccan plateau dry deciduous forests / Deccan thorn scrub forests

Soil type: Red sandy loam

Phase 1 - Design

The first engagement focused on developing a comprehensive ecological masterplan to transform this 5-acre farm in Shoolagiri into a self-sustaining homestead. The design process began with a detailed study of the site’s climate, valley topography, soil conditions, and broader ecological context, including the impacts of regional mining and forest degradation. Local reference ecosystems informed the planting strategy, ensuring the proposal was grounded in native flora and ecological processes.

A clear zoning framework from Zones 0 to 5 organised spaces for habitation, cultivation, and wild habitat. Water security formed a central pillar of the design. An integrated storm water management system was proposed, comprising six ponds, five basins, a swale, and rooftop rainwater harvesting structures to capture runoff and recharge the shallow aquifer and the existing pond.

Dedicated areas were planned for ragi cultivation, a raised bed kitchen garden, and two diverse food forests structured around plant guilds, including one for the pastoral community in the area. Two wild zones were retained as ecological buffers and habitat patches to support biodiversity and long-term resilience.

Environmental Study and Zoning

Phase 2

Revised Masterplan

Flood response, earthworks and masterplan revision
Post 2022 Monsoon

Following flooding in 2022, the second engagement involved revisiting the site and refining the masterplan in response to newly observed monsoon patterns. Areas that had functioned as seasonal wetlands were identified, and built elements were relocated away from natural drainage paths. The revised strategy channelised storm water through carefully designed earthworks to work with, rather than against, the land’s hydrology.

Existing ponds were redesigned, overflow channels were clearly defined, and causeways were recommended to maintain access during heavy rainfall. The main access road was detailed with staggered hardscape tracks to slow water movement and reduce erosion and sludge formation. Greywater was managed through simple, gravity-fed systems such as banana circles and mulched infiltration basins. The planting strategy was further strengthened by increasing food forest diversity and establishing a dense, two-layered living boundary to enhance protection, productivity, and ecological value.

Earthworks and planting recommendations

Site photos

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